Scalable optical hypercube based interconnection network for massively parallel computing ahmed louri and hongki sung two important parameters of a network for massively parallel computers are scalability and modularity. Interconnection network direct network all network nodes have processor or memory attached. Index termsinterconnection networks, hypercube, exchanged crossed cube, interprocessor communication, parallel. Index termshypercube, interconnection network, parallel prefix, routing, twisted. Hypercube network, torus network, network parameters, scalability, reliability. A new interconnection topologythe extended hypercube consisting of an interconnection network of kcubes is discussed. In this paper, we develop new techniques that enable us to analyze a more realistic fault tolerance model and derive lower bounds for the probability of hypercube network fault tolerance in terms of node failure probability. Similarly, the computer industry employs networking strategy to provide fast. The interconnection network must be able to built scale up. A scalable optical interconnection network for massively parallel computing ahmed louri member, ieee, and hongki sung, student member, ieee abstract a new interconnection network for massively par allel computing is introduced. After classifying various network structures, some of the most well known networks are discussed, along with a. April 1991 clustering on a hypercube multicomputer. Topologies internet topologies are not very regular they grew incrementally supercomputers have regular interconnect topologies and trade off cost for high bandwidth. For both supercomputing and cloud computing the network.
The attractiveness of the hypercube topology is its small diameter, which is the. This paper presents the basic communication and some of the basic operations usually needed in parallel computing on the twisted hypercube interconnection network. An interconnection network is a graph of nodes interconnected using channels. Data communication and parallel computing on twisted hypercubes. Interconnection networks are composed of switching elements. A comparatively analysis and performance of logical.
This chapter deals with several aspects of the networks used in modern and theoretical computers. An n cube network, also called hypercube, consists of n2n nodes. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Performance metrics analysis of torus embedded hypercube. A hypercubebased scalable interconnection network for massively. Faulthamiltonicity of hypercubelike interconnection networks. Twisted hypercubelike networks thlns proposed by yang 40 in 2011, are a subclass in hlns. Hypercube multicomputer gramming notation we use are. In geometry, a hypercube is an ndimensional analogue of a square n 2 and a cube n 3. An interconnection network can be either single stage or multistage. Interconnection agreement terms and conditions for interconnection, unbundled network elements, ancillary services, and resale of telecommunications services between qwest corporation now dba centurylink and hypercube telecom, llc for the state of nebraska agreement number cds1208220008.
An implementation perspective antonio gonzalez, fernando latorre, and grigorios magklis 2010. We present a new modular optical interconnection network, called an optical multimesh hypercube ommh, which is both size and time scalable. The advantages of hypercube network and torus topology are used for product network known as torus embedded hypercube network. A new scalable interconnection network topology, called doubleloop hypercube dlh.
Interconnection network basics topology specifies the way switches are wired affects routing, reliability, throughput, latency, building ease routing how does a message get from source to destination static or adaptive buffering and flow control what do we store within the network. A 4, 4, 8 mesh embedded hypercube network with 128 nodes interconnection is shown in fig. Sengupta and bansal 2001 introduced a new faulttolerant multistage interconnection network named as phi network phn. Kalamuddin ahmad mewar, university chhittorghara, india mohd. A hypercubebased scalable interconnection network for. Interconnection networks an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf an important issues in the design of interconnection networks for massively parallel computers is scalability. Applyingourmain results to a subclass of hypercubelike interconnection networks, called restricted hlgraphs, which include twisted cubes,crossedcubes,multiplytwistedcubes,m. Hypercube 000 100 110 010 001 011 111 101 a hypercube is a generalized cube.
Embeddings on torusbutterfly interconnection network. Interconnection network cache processor memory interconnect nodes todays topics. The binary ncube or hypercube network was proposed in 1978 and first implemented in the caltech cosmic cube in 1981. It describes interconnection networks from topology and network. In this paper, we introduce the hyperstar graph hsn,kas a new interconnection network, and discuss its properties such as faulttolerance, scalability, isomorphism, routing algorithm, and. Examples include hypercube and mesh interconnections. Many interconnection networks such as hypercubelike interconnection networks can be represented in the form of g0. Cube interconnection networks ali abdulzahraa alia. This paper proposes a very powerful hypercube type architecture called foldedcrossed hypercube denoted by fcq n with degree of. A design analysis and comparison of a product network generated from torus and hypercube networks known as torus embedded hypercube scalable interconnection network suitable for parallel computers is presented in this paper. Introduction the interconnection network is an important component in a parallel computer.
Data communication and parallel computing on twisted. Hypercube the above said interconnection network topologies are described using graph theoretical terminologies and notations. International journal of distributed and parallel systems. A new interconnection network improving the network cost of the hypercube springerlink.
The indirect interconnection networks include crossbar, min multistage interconnection networks and some other irregular topologies. Only if fast and reliable communication over the network is guaranteed will the parallel system. Each node is connected to all other nodes whose numbers differ from it in only one bit position. The binary ncube, also called hypercube, network has been proved to be a very powerful topology 3,4,5. The hypercube network that we are going to analyze has nlog 2. A complete design analysis and comparison of this network with various other networks is given using network parameters.
Scalable optical hypercubebased interconnection network for. Faulthamiltonicity of hypercube like interconnection networks. Cow is the homemade version for a fraction of the price. Analysis and comparison of torus embedded hypercube. A network allows exchange of data between processors in the parallel system.
Chapter 2 parallel architectures and interconnection networks the interonnecction network is the heart of arpallel architecture. A new interconnection topologythe extended hypercubeconsisting of an interconnection network of kcubes is discussed. The extended hypercube is a hierarchical, expansive, recursive structure with a constant predefined building block. This type of interconnection networks are more suitable for building computers where the communication pattern is more or less fixed, and can. It is shown here that with minor modifications in architecture of the existing mesh embedded hypercube interconnection network how good a. For example, an ndimensional hyper petersen network, hpn, with n1. An important issues in the design of interconnection networks for massively parallel computers is scalability. The important features of an simd hypercube and the pro there are p 2p processing elements connected together via a hypercube interconnection network to be described later. To address this problem the academic community developed several variants of multistage interconnection networks. This type of interconnection networks are more suitable for. In parallel computer, the hypercube network has been broadly used as the interconnection network. Hypercube networks are a type of network topology used to connect multiple processors with. The lack of these two important parameters has limited the use of certain types of interconnection networks in the area of massively parallel computers. Adaptive routing protocols for hypercube interconnection networks.
When the degree is n, the crossed hypercube and the twisted one are very good hypercube type architectures. Hypercube interconnection network is formed by connecting n nodes that can be expressed as a power of 2. Thus, an interconnection network is used for exchanging data between two processors in a multistage network. Faulttolerant pathembedding of twisted hypercubelike. Interconnection network direct network all network nodes have processor or memory attached in other words, direct connection between procs p m p m p c m 0 m 1 m 28p 0 p 1 p 2 p 3 p 4 topology interconnection network indirect network intermediate routingonly nodes no direct connection between processors p m p m p c m 0 m 1 m 2. Pdf a hypercubebased scalable interconnection network for.
It is a closed, compact, convex figure whose 1skeleton consists of groups of opposite parallel line segments aligned in each of the spaces dimensions, perpendicular to each other and of the same length. A solution to the scalability requirements for massively parallel computers ahmed louri hongki sung department of electrical and computer engineering the university of arizona, tucson, az 85721, u. This book describes the design and engineering tradeoffs of datacenter networks. The load balancing problem in otis hypercube interconnection networks article pdf available in the journal of supercomputing 463. Hypercube binary ncube k2 topology direct networks k2 2 cube 3 cube 4 cube. A good interconnection network is expected to have least number of links, topological network cost and more reliable. Parallel architectures and interconnection networks.
We shall limit our discussion to general static indirect hypercube blocks only. A 4, 4, 8 mesh embedded hypercube network with 128 nodes interconnection. A abstract an important issue in the design of interconnec. The extended hypercube retains the positive features of the kcube at different levels of hierarchy and at the same time has some additional advantages like.
Anew hypercube like topology, called the hyper petersen hp network, is proposed and analyzed, which is constructed fromthe wellknowncartesian product ofthe binary hypercube andthe petersen graph often nodes. The distance between the farthest two nodes in the network. As examples of static topology we discuss the mesh and hypercube topologies. A good interconnection network is expected to have least number of links, topological network cost and more reliable 1. The interconnection network is an essential part of any parallel computer. The extended hypercube retains the positive features of the kcube at different levels of hierarchy and at the same time has some additional. This paper analyzes torus embedded hypercube network pertinent to parallel architecture. An ndimensional varietal hypercube vq n is constructed from two numbers of. This topology is an attractive candidate for multiprocessor interconnection having such desirable properties as. Cmu 15418618, spring 2017 its time to start thinking about projects timeline project proposal due. Topology is the pattern to connect the individual switches to other elements, like processors, memories and other switches. A framework for embedded hypercube interconnection networks.
Pdf performance metrics analysis of torus embedded. Applying our main results to a subclass of hypercube like interconnection networks, called restricted hl. Static interconnection networks can employ different paths including star, mesh, ring, serial or through state and hypercube links. Our results are both theoretically significant and practically important. Lecture 23 architecture of parallel computers 7 000 100 110 010 001 011 111 101 a hypercube is a generalized cube.
Kumar 3 proposed the extended hypercube interconnection network which retains the positive features of kcube at different levels of hierarchy and possesses some. Architectures, algorithms, and opportunities dennis abts and john kim. Architectures, algorithms, and opportunities dennis abts and john kim 2011 quantum computing for architects, second edition tzvetan metodi, fred chong, and arvin faruque 2011 processor microarchitecture. Scalable optical hypercube based interconnection network.
It is shown here that with minor modifications in architecture of the existing mesh embedded hypercube interconnection network how good a torus embedded hypercube interconnection network could be. Index terms hypercube, interconnection network, parallel prefix, routing, twisted. Another static interconnection scheme a kdimensional hypercube contains 2 k processors nodes each processing node contains a switch below are examples of hypercubes of dimension 0 through 3 the dotted edges shown where the hypercube is being extending from the next lower dimension hypercube. Job of an interconnection network is to transfer information from source node to dest. Advantages of hypercube network and torus topology are used to derive an embedded architecture for product network known as torus embedded hypercube scalable interconnection network. Phn is an altered omega network retaining lesser number of switching elements ses in the intermediary stages, consisting of n2 ses of size 2x2 in the input and output stage, whereas the. In an mimd distributed memory machine with a hypercube system interconnection network containing four processors, a processor and a memory module are placed at each vertex of a square. History networking strategy was originally employed in the 1950s by the telephone industry as a means of reducing the time required for a call to go through.
Interconnection network basics topology specifies the way switches are wired affects routing, reliability, throughput, latency, building ease routing how does a message get from source to destination static or adaptive buffering. A comparative study abstract a design analysis and comparison of a product network generated from torus and hypercube networks known as torus embedded hypercube scalable interconnection network suitable for parallel computers is presented in this paper. Ziavras and sanjay krishnamurthy department of electrical and computer engineering, new jersey institute of technology, newark, nj 07102, usa summary this paper presents results of evaluating the communications capabilities of the generalized hypercube interconnection network. A gradually scalable optical interconnection network for massively parallel computing ahmed louri, senior member, ieee, brent weech, student member, ieee, and costas neocleous, student member, ieee abstracta new, scalable interconnection topology called the spanning multichannel linked hypercube smlh is proposed. The bbn butterfly in 1982 was one of the first multiprocessors to use an indirect network. The load balancing problem in otishypercube interconnection networks article pdf available in the journal of supercomputing 463. The interconnection network is a vital role in a parallel processing. This means if the network has n nodes it can be expressed as.
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